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Multiple Sources of Solar High-energy Protons

Gary Dale E; Mishev Alexnder; Yu Sijie; Omodei Nicola; Kocharov Leon; Pesce-Rollins Melissa; Usoskin Ilya; Longo Fransesco; Vainio Rami

dc.contributor.authorGary Dale E
dc.contributor.authorMishev Alexnder
dc.contributor.authorYu Sijie
dc.contributor.authorOmodei Nicola
dc.contributor.authorKocharov Leon
dc.contributor.authorPesce-Rollins Melissa
dc.contributor.authorUsoskin Ilya
dc.contributor.authorLongo Fransesco
dc.contributor.authorVainio Rami
dc.date.accessioned2022-10-28T14:13:27Z
dc.date.available2022-10-28T14:13:27Z
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.utupub.fi/handle/10024/170099
dc.description.abstract<p>During the 24th solar cycle, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed a total of 27 solar flares possessing delayed gamma-ray emission, including the exceptionally well-observed flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) on 2017 September 10. Based on the Fermi/LAT data, we plot, for the first time, maps of possible sources of the delayed >100 MeV gamma-ray emission of the 2017 September 10 event. The long-lasting gamma-ray emission is localized under the CME core. The gamma-ray spectrum exhibits intermittent changes in time, implying that more than one source of high-energy protons was formed during the flare-CME eruption. We find a good statistical correlation between the gamma-ray fluences of the Fermi/LAT-observed delayed events and the products of corresponding CME speed and the square root of the soft X-ray flare magnitude. Data support the idea that both flares and CMEs jointly contribute to the production of subrelativistic and relativistic protons near the Sun.</p>
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherIOP PUBLISHING LTD
dc.titleMultiple Sources of Solar High-energy Protons
dc.identifier.urlhttps://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abff57
dc.identifier.urnURN:NBN:fi-fe2021093048981
dc.relation.volume915
dc.contributor.organizationfi=avaruustutkimuslaboratorio|en=Space Research Laboratory|
dc.contributor.organization-code2606702
dc.converis.publication-id66841586
dc.converis.urlhttps://research.utu.fi/converis/portal/Publication/66841586
dc.identifier.eissn0004-637X
dc.identifier.jour-issn0004-637X
dc.okm.affiliatedauthorVainio, Rami
dc.okm.discipline115 Astronomy and space scienceen_GB
dc.okm.discipline115 Avaruustieteet ja tähtitiedefi_FI
dc.okm.internationalcopublicationinternational co-publication
dc.okm.internationalityInternational publication
dc.okm.typeJournal article
dc.publisher.countryBritanniafi_FI
dc.publisher.countryUnited Kingdomen_GB
dc.publisher.country-codeGB
dc.publisher.placeBristol
dc.relation.articlenumberARTN 12
dc.relation.doi10.3847/1538-4357/abff57
dc.relation.ispartofjournalAstrophysical Journal
dc.year.issued2021


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