First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. Testing the Black Hole Metric
Sanchez-Arguelles D; Chatterjee K; Kofuji Y; James DJ; Kettenis M; Impellizzeri CMV; Hada K; Crew GB; Kim JY; Alberdi A; Gold R; Moscibrodzka M; Britzen S; Musoke G; Traianou E; Ricarte A; Loinard L; Zensus JA; Alef W; Torne P; Galison P; Mao JR; Broderick AE; Yamaguchi P; Dempsey J; Asada K; Farah J; Li ZY; Nakamura M; SooHoo J; Dexter J; Garcia R; Matthews LD; Rottmann H; Wardle J; Baubock M; Schloerb FP; Karami M; De Laurentis M; Haworth K; Nagar NM; Lu RS; Natarajan I; Brissenden R; Ramakrishnan V; Jannuzi BT; Fuentes A; Plambeck R; Lee D; Wagner J; Lee SS; Georgiev B; Zhao GY; Marchili N; Baczko AK; Algaba JC; Anantua R; Bronzwaer T; Kino M; Savolainen T; Chael A; Balokovic M; Wondrak MF; Marti-Vidal I; Sanchez S; Conroy NS; Ros E; Preciado-Lopez JA; Neri R; Prather B; Levis A; Parsons H; Muller C; Jiang W; Moriyama K; Wong GN; Kim DJ; Matsushita S; Nathanail A; Fraga-Encinas R; Goddi C; Ni CC; Souccar K; Desvignes G; Marscher AP; Gentaz O; Jorstad S; Shen ZQ; Chatterjee S; Cheng XP; Gammie CF; Shao LJ; Conway JE; Jung T; Lauer TR; Koyama S; Weintroub J; Sohn BW; Bower GC; Ikeda S; Liu J; Ozel F; Porth O; Honma M; Blackburn L; Nagai H; Lo WP; Pu HY; Rogers A; Tazaki F; Huang CWL; Brinkerink CD; Gomez JL; Myserlis I; Ceccobello C; Rawlings MG; Chen YJ; La Bella N; Fuentes SN; Psaltis D; Christian P; Pesce DW; Small D; van Langevelde HJ; Freeman WT; Ruiz I; Rezzolla L; Ho P; Krichbaum TP; Ward-Thompson D; Potzl FM; Wex N; Crawford TM; Narayanan G; Noutsos A; Sasada M; Ripperda B; van Bemmel I; Doeleman SS; Gurwell M; Young K; Palumbo DCM; Satapathy K; Marrone DP; Yuan F; Lisakov M; Oh J; Gu MF; Mizuno Y; Dougal S; Wiik K; Lindqvist M; Titus M; Bouman KL; Benson BA; Hughes DH; Leung PK; Kim J; Younsi Z; Ortiz-Leon GN; Lindahl G; Zhao SS; Witzel G; Bintley D; Pen UL; Broguiere D; Tiede P; Deane R; Azulay R; Ball D; Blundell R; Zhang S; Ford HA; Oyama T; Liuzzo E; Pietu V; Yoon D; Emami R; Chan CK; Kuo CY; Bustamante S; Mizuno I; Carlstrom JE; Boyce H; Byun DY; Chen MT; Young A; Michalik D; Medeiros L; PopStefanija A; Huang L; Trent T; Menten KM; Ho LC; Kocherlakota P; Akiyama K; Fromm CM; Mus A; Haggard D; Raymond AW; Friberg P; Yuan YF; Davelaar J; Cui YZ; Markoff S; Neilsen J; Park J; Ruszczyk C; Paraschos GF; Lico R; Karuppusamy R; Roshanineshat A; Janssen M; Tetarenko AJ; Cruz-Osorio A; Moran JM; Narayan R; Patel N; Olivares H; Liu K; Okino H; Barrett J; Roy AL; Cordes JM; Vos J; Hecht MH; Trippe S; Tilanus RPJ; Kawashima T; Kramer M; Johnson MD; Jeter B; Schuster KF; Inoue M; Hesper R; Heumann D; Wharton R; Lobanov AP; Rao R; Sun H; Issaoun S; Roelofs F; Bach U; Lonsdale CJ; Nadolski A; Cho I; Joshi AV; Eatough RP; Dzib SA; Bremer M; Schonfeld J; Romero-Canizales C; Gomez-Ruiz AI; Fish VL; Koay JY; Dhruv V; Kramer C; Sanchez-Portal M; Keating GK; Wielgus M; Rygl KLJ; Nowak MA; Falcke H; van Rossum DR; Fomalont E; Koch PM; Wu QW; Turk M; Jimenez-Rosales A
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. Testing the Black Hole Metric
Sanchez-Arguelles D
Chatterjee K
Kofuji Y
James DJ
Kettenis M
Impellizzeri CMV
Hada K
Crew GB
Kim JY
Alberdi A
Gold R
Moscibrodzka M
Britzen S
Musoke G
Traianou E
Ricarte A
Loinard L
Zensus JA
Alef W
Torne P
Galison P
Mao JR
Broderick AE
Yamaguchi P
Dempsey J
Asada K
Farah J
Li ZY
Nakamura M
SooHoo J
Dexter J
Garcia R
Matthews LD
Rottmann H
Wardle J
Baubock M
Schloerb FP
Karami M
De Laurentis M
Haworth K
Nagar NM
Lu RS
Natarajan I
Brissenden R
Ramakrishnan V
Jannuzi BT
Fuentes A
Plambeck R
Lee D
Wagner J
Lee SS
Georgiev B
Zhao GY
Marchili N
Baczko AK
Algaba JC
Anantua R
Bronzwaer T
Kino M
Savolainen T
Chael A
Balokovic M
Wondrak MF
Marti-Vidal I
Sanchez S
Conroy NS
Ros E
Preciado-Lopez JA
Neri R
Prather B
Levis A
Parsons H
Muller C
Jiang W
Moriyama K
Wong GN
Kim DJ
Matsushita S
Nathanail A
Fraga-Encinas R
Goddi C
Ni CC
Souccar K
Desvignes G
Marscher AP
Gentaz O
Jorstad S
Shen ZQ
Chatterjee S
Cheng XP
Gammie CF
Shao LJ
Conway JE
Jung T
Lauer TR
Koyama S
Weintroub J
Sohn BW
Bower GC
Ikeda S
Liu J
Ozel F
Porth O
Honma M
Blackburn L
Nagai H
Lo WP
Pu HY
Rogers A
Tazaki F
Huang CWL
Brinkerink CD
Gomez JL
Myserlis I
Ceccobello C
Rawlings MG
Chen YJ
La Bella N
Fuentes SN
Psaltis D
Christian P
Pesce DW
Small D
van Langevelde HJ
Freeman WT
Ruiz I
Rezzolla L
Ho P
Krichbaum TP
Ward-Thompson D
Potzl FM
Wex N
Crawford TM
Narayanan G
Noutsos A
Sasada M
Ripperda B
van Bemmel I
Doeleman SS
Gurwell M
Young K
Palumbo DCM
Satapathy K
Marrone DP
Yuan F
Lisakov M
Oh J
Gu MF
Mizuno Y
Dougal S
Wiik K
Lindqvist M
Titus M
Bouman KL
Benson BA
Hughes DH
Leung PK
Kim J
Younsi Z
Ortiz-Leon GN
Lindahl G
Zhao SS
Witzel G
Bintley D
Pen UL
Broguiere D
Tiede P
Deane R
Azulay R
Ball D
Blundell R
Zhang S
Ford HA
Oyama T
Liuzzo E
Pietu V
Yoon D
Emami R
Chan CK
Kuo CY
Bustamante S
Mizuno I
Carlstrom JE
Boyce H
Byun DY
Chen MT
Young A
Michalik D
Medeiros L
PopStefanija A
Huang L
Trent T
Menten KM
Ho LC
Kocherlakota P
Akiyama K
Fromm CM
Mus A
Haggard D
Raymond AW
Friberg P
Yuan YF
Davelaar J
Cui YZ
Markoff S
Neilsen J
Park J
Ruszczyk C
Paraschos GF
Lico R
Karuppusamy R
Roshanineshat A
Janssen M
Tetarenko AJ
Cruz-Osorio A
Moran JM
Narayan R
Patel N
Olivares H
Liu K
Okino H
Barrett J
Roy AL
Cordes JM
Vos J
Hecht MH
Trippe S
Tilanus RPJ
Kawashima T
Kramer M
Johnson MD
Jeter B
Schuster KF
Inoue M
Hesper R
Heumann D
Wharton R
Lobanov AP
Rao R
Sun H
Issaoun S
Roelofs F
Bach U
Lonsdale CJ
Nadolski A
Cho I
Joshi AV
Eatough RP
Dzib SA
Bremer M
Schonfeld J
Romero-Canizales C
Gomez-Ruiz AI
Fish VL
Koay JY
Dhruv V
Kramer C
Sanchez-Portal M
Keating GK
Wielgus M
Rygl KLJ
Nowak MA
Falcke H
van Rossum DR
Fomalont E
Koch PM
Wu QW
Turk M
Jimenez-Rosales A
IOP Publishing Ltd
Julkaisun pysyvä osoite on:
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022081154919
https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2022081154919
Tiivistelmä
Astrophysical black holes are expected to be described by the Kerr metric. This is the only stationary, vacuum, axisymmetric metric, without electromagnetic charge, that satisfies Einstein's equations and does not have pathologies outside of the event horizon. We present new constraints on potential deviations from the Kerr prediction based on 2017 EHT observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). We calibrate the relationship between the geometrically defined black hole shadow and the observed size of the ring-like images using a library that includes both Kerr and non-Kerr simulations. We use the exquisite prior constraints on the mass-to-distance ratio for Sgr A* to show that the observed image size is within similar to 10% of the Kerr predictions. We use these bounds to constrain metrics that are parametrically different from Kerr, as well as the charges of several known spacetimes. To consider alternatives to the presence of an event horizon, we explore the possibility that Sgr A* is a compact object with a surface that either absorbs and thermally reemits incident radiation or partially reflects it. Using the observed image size and the broadband spectrum of Sgr A*, we conclude that a thermal surface can be ruled out and a fully reflective one is unlikely. We compare our results to the broader landscape of gravitational tests. Together with the bounds found for stellar-mass black holes and the M87 black hole, our observations provide further support that the external spacetimes of all black holes are described by the Kerr metric, independent of their mass.
Kokoelmat
- Rinnakkaistallenteet [19207]